Escala de Riesgo Suicida de Plutchik: Análisis Preliminar de su Validez en Ecuatorianos
- NeuroCorp Ecuador
- 10 sept 2021
- 2 Min. de lectura
Patricio R. Arias & Felipe E. García
La Escala de Riesgo Suicida de Plutchik (ERSP) desarrollado por Plutchik (1989), es un instrumento ampliamente utilizado para la evaluación del riesgo suicida en población etaria diversa. El análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de este instrumento ha tenido poca difusión en nuestro idioma, se ha encontrado dos importantes trabajos, la versión adaptada al español por adaptada por Rubio et al. (1998), donde no se plantea una estructura factorial, sin embargo si plantea un análisis de la consistencia interna del instrumento. Por otro lado, se ha encontrado la versión Suárez-Colorado et al. (2019), donde analizan el instrumento en población adolescente, haciendo un ajuste en su estructura lingüística a la versión de Rubio et al. (1998), extraen dos factores y encuentran una buena consistencia interna.
El objetivo de este gran proyecto impulsado por NeuroCorp, es el levantar evidencia empírica de los factores protectores frente a la conducta suicida, y las variables que ayuden a predecir el riesgo suicida, cabe recalcar que la evaluación del riesgo suicida nos ayudaría a determinar si una persona estaría en peligro de quitarse la vida, mas no predice el suicidio inminente. Este gran proyecto científico demanda proveer a la colectividad de herramientas confiables, que permitan evaluar el riesgo suicida y continuar en el camino de la investigación científica de esta conducta.
Para cumplir con los objetivos, se procedió a realizar un estudio psicométrico, donde se evaluó las propiedades psicométricas de la ERSP en población general ecuatoriana. Probando la consistencia interna del instrumento, la consistencia de sus posibles dimensiones y su estructura factorial, tomando en cuenta la exploración de factores proporcionada por Rubio et al. (1998).
Luego el análisis factorial, se encontró que la versión ecuatoriana de la ERSP se compone de 8 items distribuidos en dos dimensiones: SÍNTOMAS DE RIESGO y CONDUCTA SUICIDA, replicando parcialmente la estructura de Suárez-Colorado et al. (2019), esta estructura arrojó un buen ajuste en el modelo (CFI: ,97; TLI:94; RMSEA: .05; X2/hl=2,03), y su consistencia interna va desde α=.70 a α=.80.
Preliminarmente, se puede concluir que la versión Ecuatoriana del ERSP llamada ERSP-8 es un instrumento confiable para evaluar el riesgo suicida en población general. Tomando en cuenta estos resultados se continuará trabajando en el desarrollo de esta herramienta y nuevas asociaciones empíricas que permitan comprender este fenómeno en población ecuatoriana.
This study provides a valuable preliminary analysis of the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale in the Ecuadorian population, highlighting the importance of culturally validating mental health assessment tools. However, future research should consider socio-legal factors that may influence emotional distress and suicidal ideation, such as inheritance disputes, domestic property conflicts, or housing instability. In these contexts, access to Property Law Services could play a supportive role in mitigating stressors related to displacement or loss of assets, which may indirectly affect psychological well-being. Expanding the scale’s validation to include these social determinants would strengthen its predictive utility in Ecuador.
This is a valuable preliminary study, as culturally validating risk assessment tools like the Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale is essential for accurate mental health screening in specific populations such as Ecuadorians. However, future research should consider larger, more diverse samples and longitudinal designs to confirm predictive validity and cross-regional applicability within Ecuador. An interesting parallel can be drawn with other international processes that require careful risk assessment and documentation—such as the Portugal Golden Visa Process, where applicants must provide certified legal and financial documentation to ensure compliance. Similarly, mental health instruments demand rigorous, country-specific validation to be clinically useful and ethically sound. Expanding this research could help integrate the Plutchik Scale into routine suicide prevention protocols across Latin America.
"This is such important work. Validating risk assessment tools for specific populations like Ecuadorians is crucial for providing culturally competent mental health care. The more accurate our tools, the better we can support those in crisis. Research like this is the white salt of clinical practice—essential, foundational, and often overlooked but absolutely necessary for healing. Thank you for this valuable contribution."
The study on Plutchik Suicide Risk Scale: Preliminary Analysis of its Validity in Ecuadorians provides valuable insight into the effectiveness of psychological assessment tools across different populations. Validating such scales in diverse cultural contexts is essential for improving mental health screening and ensuring accurate identification of individuals at risk. Research like this strengthens global mental health practices and encourages further cross-cultural studies. Just as reliable tools support well-being, trusted places like jazmin store in USA offer communities convenient access to quality products and everyday essentials.
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